====== Innovations on the Ocarina ======
Here are some unusual innovations on the ocarina. This page features many ocarinas that brake from the familiar form of the instrument in various ways. 

===== Size =====
The ocarina is easily the smallest wind instrument in the world. It also has the potential to be the largest.

===== Interface (fingering systems) =====
Many alternative ways of interacting with the ocarina have been made. More standard instruments have 4, 6, 10, or 12 holes, intended to allow players to play in the familiar twelve pitch system. Many other strange innovations on the ocarina have been made, often allowing expanded use of pitch. 

====Microtonal Ocarinas====
{{http://www.wesleyhicks.art/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/michael-parker-artist-juicerinas-getty-3.jpg?600}}\\
{{http://www.wesleyhicks.art/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/17.jpg?600}}

====Perforated Ocarinas====
{{http://www.wesleyhicks.art/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/IMG_5061.jpg?600}}

==== Multi-chamber ocarinas====
Some ocarinas have added many chambers onto one instrument to allow for an extended range, different tibre, or for the instrument to be able to play harmony with itself. 
see [[ocarina#harmony|Harmony]] for harmony ocarinas 

===== Body Shape =====
This category if for ocarinas that have familiar fingering systems and sound ordinary but have unusual body shapes. This category is mostly an aesthetic alteration on the instrument. 

===== Sound Profile =====
The timbre of the ocarina can be altered in various ways involving adding a [[mirliton]], adding chambers that are played simultaneously, or altering the voicing to give it some [[turbulence]]. 

====Turbulence Flutes====
These instruments are related to the ocarina in that they have a fipple and a windway, but they use a closed chamber and turbulence to alter the sound quality of the instrument. 
See [[Roberto Velázquez Cabrera]] to see some research into the construction and acoustics of early Mesoamerican instruments that featured sound production using turbulence. 
All contemporary instruments are innovations on these early instruments. 
 
{{http://www.wesleyhicks.art/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/photo_2018-09-05_02-24-07.jpg?400}}

===== Harmony =====
Having multiple sound chambers one one ocarina that play at the same time allows for harmony to be built into the instrument. This principle also brings up some unusual problems with the interface, that have been solved in unusual ways. See [[ocarina#multi-chamber_ocarinas|Multi-Chamber Ocarinas]] for discussion about the interface. 

====Huacas ====
This multi-chamber ocarina was invented by [[Sharon Rowell]]. The innovation is one of interface (two hand controlling 2, 3 or even 4 chambers at the same time!) as well as a fundamental shift in timbre as the instrument almost always plays a harmony. 


====Interference Ocarina====
This instrument is similar to the Huaca but it does not have predefined pitch locations and is able to do pitch bends between the chambers. This allows the instrument to produce [[Interference]].

===== Unusual Materials =====
Ocarinas are most commonly made out of ceramics and plastic on cheaper models. Most other materials have an exotic quality to them and are often paired with other unusual aesthetic alterations.  
==== Wood ====
==== Metal ====
====glass====
==== Leather ====

{{::pocpoc.jpg?direct|}}\\
These are the Leather Poco pods by artist [[Garry Greenwood]]. \\
Here is the curious description from his (very ancient) website entry on them-((http://greeen.free.fr/greenwood/)) \\

"Another invention of Greenwood's are the leather ocarina, named 'Poco pods'. The sculptor was interested to discover the difference between the traditional ceramic ocarina and one made from leather and he also wanted to discover the acoustic principle of the ocarina's characteristic 'whistle'. 

These little instruments proved to be one of the most difficult projects Greenwood had undertaken with problems including the size of the finger holes, a lack of consistency in sound – in the prototype there seemed to be no relation between sound and finger – and controlling the tone. The last problem was caused by the large volume of air inside the pod which Greenwood found was greater then that of a bass recorder. 

Greenwood's first instrument was basically flat. (All subsequent Poco pods are sphere-shaped) He used a piece of the body of the instrument but then spent two frustrating days trying to find the right distance between this and the mouth-hole. When he eventually found the right place he discovered that only one hole sounded, thus in subsequent instruments the holes were cut out after the piano key was put in place."

There are no audio recordings of these instruments, but they looks well built and are very visually pleasing. I would guess that the tonal quality of making an ocarina out of leather would be similar to making an ocarina out of a very soft wood such as maple, birch, pine, or even something like basswood. I have one of the Charlie Hind wooden kit ocarinas in maple that has been very well sealed and the sound is very soft and thin. It has a sweet recorder like quality (recorders are also most often made of very soft woods like maple to give the sound a characteristic quality).\\

===== Makers of Unusual Ocarinas =====
[[Alan Albright]]- early maker of wooden ocarinas, made many experimental models. \\
Mestre Nado (Aguinaldo da Silva)- makes multichamber ocarinas\\
[[Susan Rawcliffe]]- has invented many unusual ocarinas\\
[[Garry Greenwood]]- leather sculptor\\
[[Roberto Velázquez Cabrera]]- Recreates mesoamerican ocarinas\\
[[Sharon Rowell]]- Inventor of the Huacas\\
