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- | Carleen Maley Hutchins was an experimental violin maker, Creator and founder of the [[Hutchins Consort]] and cofounder of the [[Catgut Acoustical Society]]. | + | Dr. Carleen Maley Hutchins was an experimental violin maker, Creator and founder of the [[Hutchins Consort]] and cofounder of the [[Catgut Acoustical Society]]. |
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===Violin Octet=== | ===Violin Octet=== | ||
- | Early in her acoustic experiments Hutchins was inspired to build a set of instruments with various ranges that all had the acoustic balance found in the violin. She was led to this idea by recommendation by Henry Brant in 1957 when he mentioned that violins | + | |
+ | Early in her acoustic experiments | ||
The instruments in the Violin Octet are- \\ | The instruments in the Violin Octet are- \\ | ||
- | Treble Violin | + | ==Treble Violin== |
- | Soprano Violin, tuned to C4–G4–D5–A5, | + | Tuned to G4–D5–A5–E6\\ |
- | Mezzo Violin, tuned to G3–D4–A4–E5, | + | The treble violin is tuned one octave above the violin, |
- | Alto Violin, tuned to C3–G3–D4–A4, | + | |
- | Tenor Violin, tuned to G2–D3–A3–E4, | + | |
- | Baritone Violin, tuned to C2–G2–D3–A3, | + | |
- | Bass Violin, tuned to G1–D2–A2–E3 or A1–D2–G2–C3, | + | |
- | Contrabass Violin, tuned to C1–G1–D2–A2 or E1–A1–D2–G2 (same as double bass tuning) like the double bass but with a larger body. \\ | + | |
- | First presented in 1965 | + | ==Soprano Violin== |
+ | Tuned C4–G4–D5–A5\\ | ||
+ | The soprano violin is tuned one octave above the viola, another new member somewhat like the violino piccolo and the size of a 3/4 violin. \\ | ||
+ | ==Mezzo Violin== | ||
+ | Tuned to G3–D4–A4–E5\\ | ||
+ | The treble violin is tuned the same as the violin. The instrument has a longer body by 12-22mm with the same string length as a violin. \\ | ||
- | ===New Methods for acoustic tuning=== | + | ==Alto Violin== |
- | Hutchins developed new methods for tuning the top and bottom | + | Tuned to C3–G3–D4–A4\\ |
+ | The Alto Violin has the same tuning as a viola but is played upright like a cello due to the larger body size. \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Tenor Violin== | ||
+ | Tuned to G2–D3–A3–E4\\ | ||
+ | The tenor violin one tuned octave under the standard violin, and acts like as a similar instrument to the tenor violin or viola da spalla. \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Baritone Violin== | ||
+ | Tuned to C2–G2–D3–A3\\ | ||
+ | The baritone violin is tuned the same as a cello but has a larger sized larger body. \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Bass Violin== | ||
+ | Tuned to G1–D2–A2–E3 or A1–D2–G2–C3\\ | ||
+ | The bass violin acts as a new member between the standard tuning of the cello and the double bass with a body about the size of a double bass. \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Contrabass Violin== | ||
+ | Tuned to C1–G1–D2–A2 or E1–A1–D2–G2 (same as double bass tuning), with one 5 string instrument that is tuned to A0-C1–G1–D2–A2\\ | ||
+ | The contabass violin is tuned like the double bass but with a far larger body to balance the instruments acoustics, notably the instrument stands at over 7 feet tall, and cannot be fully played by short players. \\ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Lineage=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Octets in Use== | ||
+ | Her first octet was first presented in 1965. Several further octets were built by Dr. Hutchins and there are currently six full octets and one partial octet in use today throughout the world. ((https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Second Generation Instruments== | ||
+ | Several of Dr. Hutchins students have continued to make instruments, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===New Methods for Acoustic Tuning=== | ||
+ | Dr. Hutchins developed new methods for tuning the top and bottom | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Acoustic issues represented in Research== | ||
+ | Three primary innovations of how to construct a string instrument are presented by Dr. Hutchins- | ||
+ | |||
+ | Size and resonant tuning of the front and back plates of an instrument. These plates are tuned in relationship to the playing range of the instruments strings and most of the plates are wider than their orchestral counterparts.\\ | ||
+ | Construction of the internal chamber of the instrument to better match playing range, many of Hutchins' | ||
+ | Adjustment of playing length of the strings to match the acoustic range, most of the violin octet have longer fingerboards and strings than their orchestral counterparts. \\ | ||
===Academic Career=== | ===Academic Career=== | ||
- | Hatchins | + | Hutchins |
===Catgut Acoustical Society=== | ===Catgut Acoustical Society=== | ||
+ | The Catgut Acoustical Society formed out of collaboration Dr. Hutchins and several other people who were working with the complex issues of instrument acoustics. Out of these collaborations the group decided to form a society to present their findings. The core principles were to unravel what makes a good string instrument good, with a specific focus on the violin. They wanted to demystify the various secretive practices of violin makers and find scientific principles about string instruments that would produce reliable and repeatable ways to construct well functioning musical instruments. The Catgut Society also had a huge focus on making research into acoustics and instrument making free and available to the public which was uncommon at the time as many of the most skilled aspects of violin making were deeply held trade secrets. | ||
===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
- | Other earlier attempts to create a more balanced string section include the work of Alfred Stelzner, | + | Plans are available for the violin octet on Joe McNalley' |
+ | Hutchins consort website- ((https:// | ||
+ | Biography on the Catgut Acoustical Society website- ((https:// | ||
+ | Other earlier attempts to create a more balanced string section include the work of Alfred Stelzner, and Fred L. Dautrich who both built missing members | ||
All authentic Hutchins instruments are labelled with a SUS numbers inside of the sound body of the instrument. The SUS number means pig in Latin. \\ | All authentic Hutchins instruments are labelled with a SUS numbers inside of the sound body of the instrument. The SUS number means pig in Latin. \\ | ||
+ | Joe McNalley is the director of the Hutchins Consort and also a scholar of Dr. Hutchins work. \\ | ||
+ | The current Hutchins consort was founded in 1999 after Joe McNalley had a phone conversation with Dr. Hutchins and transported the octet from New Jersey to Southern California. \\ |