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--- oil [2022/11/18 14:07] – mete
+++ oil [2024/01/24 01:54] (current) – mete
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+====OILING WIND INSTRUMENTS====
 ===Philosophy==
 The idea wood should be oiled on a wind instrument might seem unusual at first but it is rooted in the understanding that wood changes size depending on many forces. Temperature, and moisture are the two most pronounced ways wood changes in size. Moisture offers the threat of cracking wooden wind instruments far more then temperature does (and the opposite is true for string instruments). The idea of oiling wood then comes down to the ability to block moisture from absorbing into that wood and keeping the wood in a permanently swollen state which aids in preventing cracks or stresses in the wood while being stored and played.
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 This is where things become increasingly confusing, as oiling wood is not equal with all oils
-==Drying Oil==
+==water repellent==
+A well oiled woodwind will have a bore that has a thin layer of oil exposed on the outside of the wood. This layer of oil repels water from sticking or staying in the bore of the instrument. This has many benefits in both preventing the wood from becoming swollen with moisture and also prevents and kind of rot from effecting the wood from the presence of moisture over time.
+==wood stabilizing==
+When wood is saturated with oil the grains are swollen with the oil, this expanded wood better represents the condition wood is in when growing in nature and is more geometrically stable. when wood dries out it will frequently shrink slightly and this shrinkage leads to the danger of cracks. Many woodwinds have metal keywork that is mounted into metal screws that are embedded in the wood, when the wood swells or shrinks these metal parts can make tension against the wood and cause cracks to form over time. The more stable and saturated wood is the less it will change size due to environmental conditions.
+=== General Categories of Oils ===
+For the use of oiling woodwinds
+==Polymerizing (Drying) Oil==
+Oils like tung and linseed oil are the principle members with oils such as poppyseed oil, safflower oil and soybean oil being slightly less common and effective members. These oils are categorized by their ability to polymerize over time as they dry out. Drying is the process where an oil evaporates out any constituents that are volatile. Oils can take from weeks, months or even years to evaporate when left on an open surface and take longer when they are absorbed into materials like wood. All drying oils contain some amount of oil that will evaporate over time, the greater the amount of the oil that polymerizes instead of evaporating the better they are at forming a hard and stable surface. Some of the oils in this category will form imperfect sticky surfaces for long periods of time before forming more stable polymerized surfaces.
 ==Evaporating Oils==
+Oils is this category primarily evaporate over time. These oils contain few compounds that polymerize and instead are mostly made of oils that slowly evaporate. Ideally these oils have large amounts of oils that take long periods of time to evaporate to offer the longest possible sure time. Different oils can take from weeks, months or even years to evaporate when left on an open surface and take longer when they are absorbed into materials like wood. With oils  the larger the molecule size the longer the molecule will take to evaporate, also the larger the molecule size the thicker the consistency of an oil made from it has, with the longest molecule solutions being solid at room temperature (such things as saturated fats). There is a tradeoff present where an oil may be able to last longer before it evaporates but it also does not have useful working properties, because of how thick the oil is. In many of these cases secondary oils are added to make it a thin water-like solution that can soak into wood.
 ==Synthetic Oils==
+Synthetic oils come in a wide variety of physical properties and art typically made from silicone and from petroleum. These oils behave unlike the naturally occurring plant oils listed above. They tend to be well separated out into mono molecule solutions and can have some very exotic properties. Most of these oils fall into the evaporating category where they will evaporate over time and leave little trace of their original presence, this is unlike most plant oils because even plant oils that evaporate will leave some traces of the small amounts of oils that are drying oils. Synthetic oils are commonly used a lubrication oils for brass players and as key oil on woodwinds. Thicker varieties of these oils are also the choice oils to use for cork grease and thread oils. There is an interesting difference with lubrication oils and cork grease when it comes to woodwind communities, because the use of synthetic oils for these purposes is generally non controversial and has been widely excepted as the standard practice for well maintained instruments.
 ===Oils commonly used to oil wind instruments===
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 ==Synthetic oils==
-Bore oil- Is a synthetic oil typically made of various mixes of mineral oils and silicone oils that have a favorable consistency for being absorbed into the pores of wood. Various manufacturers have different recipes that vary widely, and that also have different effective amounts of time that it protects the instruments. Most recipes for this kinds of oils remain proprietary to the manufacturers.
+Bore oil- Is a synthetic oil typically made of various mixes of mineral oils and silicone oils that have a favorable consistency for being absorbed into the pores of wood. Various manufacturers have different recipes that vary widely, and that also have different effective amounts of time that it protects the instruments. Most recipes for this kinds of oils remain proprietary to the manufacturers. Mineral oils (petroleum oils) are categorized as evaporating oils and tend to have longer evaporation times then the plant based oils. These oils also tend to have large and consistent molecule sizes and are readily available in forms that have isolated a single type of molecule for industrial use. These oils are often a mix of a large and small molecule to allow for a long evaporation time and to make an oil that is thin and water-like enough to absorb into wood.
-Paraffin Wax- Unique to recorders many instruments are soaked in hot paraffin wax, often in pressure pots in order to facilitate impregnating wax into the wood and removing any air that remains ((https://www.vonhuene.com/t-aboutrecorders.aspx)). Recorders are most commonly made of maple wood, which has many large and open pores as compared to tropical hardwoods and the maple readily takes in this kind of wax impregnation. This is known to be a highly effective way to stabilize the wood and produce an instrument that will never need to be oiled at any time in its usable life.
+Paraffin Wax- A unique process is used to make wooden recorders where the instruments are soaked in hot paraffin wax, often in pressure pots in order to facilitate impregnating wax into the wood and removing any air that remains ((https://www.vonhuene.com/t-aboutrecorders.aspx)). This process is most commonly applied to recorders made of maple wood, pear wood and fruit woods like cherry, plum, and apricot, all of these are temperate hardwoods that have many large and open pores as compared to tropical hardwoods and these woods readily allow for wax impregnation. Paraffin wax has a large molecule size compared to most other oils and under normal conditions will not absorb into woods, hence the use of heated wax in a pressure pot. This technique is less effective on woods with tighter grains such as grenadilla and rosewood. This is known to be a highly effective way to stabilize the wood and produce an instrument that will never need to be oiled at any time in its usable life. There is a drawback that if a wax impregnated instrument is left in a hot environment such as a hot car or attic it will weep paraffin out of the wood and have to be cleaned to remove it from the bore and tone holes.
-Silicone oils-
+Silicone oils- Silicone oil is classified by its hyper slick characteristics and long evaporation points. Silicone lubricants are common to use for oiling machinery and for oiling springs, valves and cork on wind instruments. Some synthetic based bore oil contains an amount of silicone oil. I am unaware of any bore oils that are made exclusively of silicone based oils, as many of these oils are too slick and have a tendency to migrate. Silicone oils are unlikely to be of direct use as a bore oil, but do make a good modifier to other oils to then them thinner and make them more water-like without reducing the evaporation time.
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 ((https://www.doctorsprod.com/)) \\
 ((http://www.shwoodwind.co.uk/HandyHints/oilingbore.htm)) \\
+{{tag>[woodwind all]}} \\